What is monitoring vs logging and how are they used in SAD maintenance?

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Monitoring and logging are two complementary practices in SAD maintenance. Monitoring focuses on watching the live system and collecting metrics that reflect health, performance, and availability, with dashboards and alerts to detect issues as they happen. Logging records individual events, errors, and actions with timestamps and context, creating a searchable history you can review to understand what occurred. Together, they support both quick detection (through monitoring) and thorough fault analysis (through logs for root cause analysis). In practice, monitoring might flag high latency or failed requests, while logs provide the exact events and stack traces to pinpoint the cause and guide remediation and improvements. The other options mix up roles, suggest they’re optional, or claim they’re the same, which doesn’t reflect how monitoring and logging function in tandem.